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#5729b82d-c71e-4aef-a9ba-93526f45806b中上解答题极值点偏移导数

【代表题】极值点偏移 · 比值换元

f(x)=lnxxf(x) = \frac{\ln x}{x},若 f(x1)=f(x2)f(x_1) = f(x_2)0<x1<x20 < x_1 < x_2),证明 x1x2>e2x_1 x_2 > e^2

解析
f(x1)=f(x2)f(x_1) = f(x_2)lnx1x1=lnx2x2\frac{\ln x_1}{x_1} = \frac{\ln x_2}{x_2},即 x2lnx1=x1lnx2x_2 \ln x_1 = x_1 \ln x_2。令 t=x2/x1>1t = x_2/x_1 > 1,则 lnx1=lntt1\ln x_1 = \frac{\ln t}{t - 1}(需证 x1x2>e2x_1 x_2 > e^2 等价于 lnx1+lnx2>2\ln x_1 + \ln x_2 > 2)。代入后化简为 (t+1)lnt2(t1)>0(t+1)\ln t - 2(t-1) > 0。令 h(t)=(t+1)lnt2(t1)h(t) = (t+1)\ln t - 2(t-1)h(1)=0h(1)=0h(t)=lnt+(t+1)/t2=lnt+1/t1>0h'(t) = \ln t + (t+1)/t - 2 = \ln t + 1/t - 1 > 0t>1t > 1),故 h(t)>0h(t) > 0,证毕。